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Overview of this programme.
When
you take an English test, you get a score. Often, you'll also get some
indication of what that score means, expressed as an English level or
label, for example "beginner" or "advanced". There are many different
English leveling systems in use around the world, and an even wider
variety of English tests, which have implicit or explicit leveling
systems built into their scoring. Some English levelling schemes are
built into a particular English test, while others are theoretical
frameworks without any associated test.
What is the CEFR?
The
CEFR, Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, is one of
many frameworks that describe your language proficiency. There are
several frameworks with similar aims including the American Council on
the Teaching of Foreign Languages Proficiency Guidelines (ACTFL), the
Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB), and the Interagency Language
Roundtable scale (ILR).
While
the CEFR is a European scale and specifically designed to apply to any
European language, it is now becoming a worldwide standard framework for
language abilities, especially European languages, including English.
The CEFR is not tied to any specific language test - and most
standardized language tests now provide CEFR level equivalents.
Where did the CEFR come from?
The
CEFR was put together by the Council of Europe in the 1990’s as part of
a wider effort to promote collaboration between language teachers
across all European countries. The Council of Europe also wanted to
improve clarity for employers and educational institutions who needed to
evaluate candidates’ language proficiency. The framework is intended to
be used in both teaching and assessment.
Rather
than being tied to a particular test, the CEFR is a collection of
can-do statements that list the functions you will be able to perform
using a foreign language at any given level of proficiency. For example,
one of the level B1 can-do statements is “Can produce simple connected
text on topics that are familiar or of personal interest.” A teacher of
any foreign language can use these can-do statements to evaluate you and
design lessons to address the gaps in your knowledge.
Why is the CEFR important?
In
Europe, the CEFR is increasingly the standard way of describing your
proficiency level in a foreign language, particularly in an academic
setting. If you have studied more than one language, as most Europeans
have, the CEFR is a conveniently standardized way to present two or more
languages on your CV. In school or university, the CEFR is the standard
framework across Europe and can be used without reservation.
However,
in a corporate setting, the CEFR is not as widely understood. If you
decide to use the CEFR on your CV for professional reasons, it is still
best practice to include a level descriptor, a standardized test score,
and examples of instances in which you used your language skills (study
abroad, work abroad, etc.).
Who uses the CEFR?
The
CEFR is used extensively in language teaching, both in the public
education sector and in private language schools. In many countries, it
has replaced previous leveling systems used in foreign language
teaching. Most education ministries in Europe have an explicit
CEFR-based goal for all students leaving secondary school, for example
B2 in their first foreign language, B1 in their second. For job seekers,
many European adults use a standardized test score, like the TOEIC, to
describe their English level.
Adoption
of the CEFR is also growing outside Europe, with some individual
countries in Asia and Latin America adopting it in their education
systems.
How can I find out my CEFR level?
The
best way to find out your CEFR level is to take a well-designed
standardized test. In English, this test is the best choice because it
is free and the first standardized test to be fully aligned to the CEFR.
You will need to set aside 50 minutes to complete the test and find out
your CEFR level.
Most
common English assessment tests now provide the CEFR equivalency. For
other language assessments, check with the official instructional body
for the language in Europe, for example the Alliance Française for
French, the Instituto Cervantes for Spanish, or the Goethe Institute for
German. Non-European language assessments are providing CEFR
equivalencies, such as HSK Chinese Proficiency Test
What criticism has the CEFR faced?
Many
educators initially criticized the CEFR because of the breadth of its
levels. Each of the six levels comprises a wide range of skills and
abilities. A student who has just reached the B1 level is quite a long
way behind a student who has almost, but not quite mastered all of the
B2 skills, but both students would be defined as being in the B1 level.
From a practical standpoint, teachers are required to break each of the
six levels down into smaller sub-levels to design lessons and
assessments.
Outside
Europe, some countries have a widely-adopted language assessment test
already in place. They have not seen the value in switching to a
different leveling framework that is not aligned to their current
assessment tests.
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